High Medieval Europe
urban revival, Crusades, cathedrals, universities
The Year 1000 and the Take-Off
agricultural revolution, demographic boom, and the urban revival
1000–1100
Pope vs. Emperor
Gregory VII, Canossa, and the rise of the medieval Church as a political institution
1054–1122
The Crusades
Urban II, the First Crusade, the Crusader states, Saladin, and the catastrophe of 1204
1095–1291
The Commercial Revolution
Champagne fairs, the Hanseatic League, and the Italian banking revolution
1100–1300
The Twelfth-Century Renaissance
Toledo translations, Aristotle returns, Roman law at Bologna, Abelard, Bernard, and Hildegard
1100–1200
Cathedrals and the Gothic Revolution
Saint-Denis 1140, Chartres, Notre-Dame, the structural innovations, and Sainte-Chapelle
1140–1280
Universities and Scholasticism
Bologna, Paris, Oxford, Salamanca, the mendicant orders, and Thomas Aquinas
1088–1300
Magna Carta to Mongol Shock
Magna Carta, Innocent III, the Reconquista's high tide, and the Mongol shock at Mohi 1241
1200–1300